When is it an adverb preposition
Episode 24 : Prepositions v's adverbs
so this is episode 24 prepositions
versus efforts so way back in video 18
we learnt about adverbs and in the last
video we learned about prepositions and
the two word classes certainly have a
lot in common now one of the things they
have in common yeah is their semantic
similarities in that both adverbs and
prepositions can express information
about place movement and time however
there are some very distinct differences
between prepositions and adverbs as well
and I'm going to write those down now
prepositions if you may remember from
the last video is specifically
expressing a relationship between two or
more things and events so let's write
that
an effort on the other hand expresses
the manner in which one thing is done
okay now that it's written down I'll
just say that again read it through so
our semantic differences or the main
semantic difference here between the
preposition and the adverb is that
prepositions Express a relationship
between two or more things and events I
should say or events things or events
really if not n things and that would be
a bit clearer so I'll say that very
clearly again the preposition expresses
a relationship between two or more
things or events and the adverb
expresses the manner in which one thing
is done okay so this distinction can be
made evidence if we look at an example
here we have sentence one the boat
sailed by the harbor and sentence - the
boat sailed by now in the first sentence
by is a preposition to write P now
because it's showing the relationship
between the boat and the harbor so we've
got the boat and we've got the harbor so
there's two things and by showing the
relationship between them now in the
second sentence by is an epic because
it's describing the minute in which the
boat is sailing where's a boat sailing
sailing by now the above example also
supports how adverbs and prepositions
differ syntactically now we know that
unlike adverbs prepositions precede a
noun phrase to make a prepositional
phrase so here we have the harbour so
however being the noun duck being the
determiner and here's a noun phrase the
harbour and right before it we have our
preposition so by the harbour all
together creates a prepositional phrase
an adverb on the other hand does not
come before a noun phrase
so this is how we can tell syntactically
there are preposition over and adverb
now another way that we can be certain
that by in the second sentence is an
adverb and not a preposition is by using
the substitution test now the
substitution test is actually good for
all of the word classes it's when we
substitute another word for the same
word class into the position of this
uncertain were to see if it still makes
sense and if it does and that's the word
class it belongs to so let's see first
we'll have a look at by in the second
sentence and see whether it's a
preposition so I've chosen into as a
substitute so instead of by I'm going to
write entry and now it reads as the boat
sailed into well that sentence is
incomplete now if I choose a alternative
adverb that can't be also considered a
preposition such as slowly so now I can
instead of putting by I will put slowly
the boat sailed slowly will that make
sense okay so in this instance this bi
is definitely an adverb and in fact if I
wished to I could actually put into the
harbor at the end of by the boat sailed
by into the harbor and then we would
have by the adverb and then into as the
preposition to relate the boat to the
harbor so the boat sailed by into the
harbor let me write that down
and as I was explaining in this sentence
we have by which is an adverb and then
we have into which is the preposition
because into is coming here as part of
the prepositional phrase and by is
describing how the boat sailed or the
manner in which the boat sailed or where
the boat sailed just gives a little
extra information so distinguishing
between an adverb and a preposition can
be a little tricky but hopefully this
video has provided a few helpful tricks
to make it a little bit easier now our
next video I'm going to move on from
prepositions and into our final word
class which is interjections and that
will be it for all these word classes
we've finally reached the last one so
well done if you've stuck it through
here we are coming in to our ultimate
word class until then thanks for
watching the language code
![[Syntax] Adjectives, Adverbs, and Prepositions](https://img.youtube.com/vi/KjFORyliKbo/mqdefault.jpg)
